The rise of mind-controlled devices: A new era in human-computer interaction

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are no longer just theoretical concepts, they are now redefining how people with physical impairments interact with the world. This year, BCIs have become a promising frontier in both medicine and consumer technology, led by major players like Apple, Neuralink, Synchron, Precision Neuroscience, and Paradromics. Whether through implantable devices or less intrusive neural sensors, these systems are empowering users to control technology using only their thoughts.

With rapid advancements and expanding clinical trials, mind-controlled devices are moving from the lab into real-world applications. From helping people with paralysis regain digital autonomy to enabling immersive virtual experiences, BCIs are shaping a future where thought alone can command technology.

Apple’s accessibility-driven push into neurotech

Apple has partnered with New York-based startup Synchron to develop a brain-computer interface (BCI) system for iPhones, iPads, and the Vision Pro headset. The aim is to create a thought-controlled interface that works with Apple’s accessibility tools.

Synchron’s Stentrode device is inserted through a vein near the motor cortex, avoiding open-brain surgery. It detects brain signals and sends them to Apple’s Switch Control system, letting users control devices with their thoughts instead of physical movements.

One notable user, Mark Jackson, who lives with ALS, has already used the system to interact with his iPhone and iPad and explore virtual landscapes using Apple’s Vision Pro. Through a combination of brain signals and mixed reality, Jackson was able to virtually stand atop the Swiss Alps—a profound experience for someone who is otherwise physically immobile.

Apple is also expected to launch a software development standard for BCI apps this year. This would allow third-party developers to design applications that respond directly to neural inputs, eliminating the need to simulate mouse or keyboard functions. Such integration could lead to faster, more seamless digital interactions and a broader range of assistive technologies.

The BCI landscape: Four companies leading the charge

While Apple and Synchron are making strides in accessibility-focused solutions, several other companies are pursuing different approaches, each with its own set of benefits and limitations.

Neuralink: High fidelity through deep brain implants – Elon Musk’s Neuralink has arguably attracted the most public attention due to its bold vision. The company uses ultra-thin threads inserted directly into the motor cortex, allowing for precise and rapid signal processing. Neuralink’s N1 chip transmits data wirelessly, enabling users to control devices like computer cursors purely through thought.

Three patients have received Neuralink implants so far, and early results are promising. One individual, reportedly paralyzed, has demonstrated the ability to control a digital cursor faster than most people using a mouse. Musk envisions Neuralink as a platform not just for accessibility, but also for cognitive enhancement, memory augmentation, and eventually, AI integration.

These advanced implantable devices show the potential for deep and continuous integration between the human brain and external systems.

Synchron: Minimally invasive and user-friendly – In contrast, Synchron has prioritized safety and simplicity. Its Stentrode system avoids opening the skull by threading electrodes through blood vessels, greatly reducing surgical risk. Although this method sacrifices some signal precision, it enables quicker recovery and broader trial participation.

Synchron has implanted devices in ten patients since 2019, showing promising results. While users currently rely on tools like Apple’s Vision Pro and eye-tracking to complete actions, the system offers enough control to navigate digital environments and communicate basic commands.

Precision Neuroscience: Surface-level innovation – Founded by a former Neuralink executive, Precision Neuroscience places its electrode array on the brain’s surface rather than deep within it. Though it currently uses wired connections, the company aims to develop a fully wireless version.

Clinical trials are ongoing, and recent FDA approval allows Precision to implant its device for up to 30 days. CEO Michael Mager has confirmed plans to scale the trials to nearly 100 people this year. The company envisions applications like enabling thought-based speech for people with communication disabilities.

Paradromics: Deep brain data for restoring communication – Austin-based Paradromics is focused on high-bandwidth BCI systems. Their approach involves pushing electrodes 1.5 mm into brain tissue to achieve detailed readings. While human trials are still pending, animal studies—primarily in sheep—have shown promising results. The goal is to eventually restore communication and movement in people with severe disabilities, such as those with locked-in syndrome.

BCI trials expand rapidly

The number of individuals receiving permanent BCI implants is rapidly increasing. Until recently, fewer than 100 people globally had been implanted with these devices. But 2025 is seeing a significant expansion, with many companies planning to double or even triple their human trial groups.

Precision Neuroscience aims to implant its system in 100 people this year, while Synchron is continuing its trials with new volunteers. Neuralink, having already implanted three patients, is expected to expand its program as it refines surgical methods and hardware durability.

According to Morgan Stanley, around 150,000 Americans with severe upper-limb impairments could benefit from BCI systems in the coming years. While FDA approval for widespread use may still be years away, current trials are laying the groundwork for regulatory breakthroughs.

Meanwhile, flexible skin sensors provide non-invasive ways to detect muscle and nerve signals through the skin. They support prosthetic control, early diagnosis, and rehab, offering an alternative to full brain implants.

The path to consumer integration

While BCIs are currently aimed at users with serious motor impairments, the potential for broader consumer adoption is becoming increasingly clear. Apple’s involvement could help standardize interfaces and reduce stigma, much as it did for Bluetooth-enabled hearing aids back in 2014. If companies succeed in making BCI hardware safe, reliable, and affordable, the technology could evolve into a new category of everyday wearable tech.

Apple’s proposed software standard could spark an ecosystem of neural-enabled apps, while other companies explore integrations with AI models like ChatGPT. Such pairings could allow users to compose messages, control smart homes, or interact with virtual assistants using only mental prompts.

Challenges ahead

While BCI tech is advancing, challenges remain. It’s still slower and less intuitive than traditional input, and often needs extra tools like eye-tracking or AR headsets. Privacy and data security concerns are also growing.

The blend of implantable devices and flexible skin sensors could lead to hybrid systems that offer both detailed brain signals and surface data, making them more adaptable and user-friendly. With companies like Apple, Neuralink, and Synchron driving innovation, 2025 is shaping up to be a pivotal year for mind-controlled tech. From restoring communication to enabling virtual experiences, BCIs are turning thought into action.